Hidden biological forces may explain a lifespan gap that has puzzled scientists for decades.

For as long as records have existed, women have generally lived longer than men. This pattern shows up across countries, cultures, and historical periods, even when lifestyle and healthcare access are similar.
While behavior and social factors matter, they don’t fully explain why the gap persists. Recent scientific work suggests the answer lies deeper, in how male and female bodies are built, how genes operate over time, and how evolution shaped survival differently for each sex.








