A brutal act of deception in colonial Virginia may represent one of the earliest recorded war crimes in North American history.

In 1623, English colonists invited members of the Powhatan Confederacy to what was supposed to be a peace negotiation in Virginia. But the goodwill meeting took a horrifying turn when the colonists served poisoned wine, killing or sickening roughly 200 Native Americans. Historians now say this little-known event could be the continent’s first war crime—an early glimpse of the violent betrayal that would define centuries of Indigenous-colonial relations. Nearly 400 years later, its legacy still raises haunting questions.








