Earth’s temperature extremes through history reveal patterns that inform our climate future.

Earth’s climate has experienced wide temperature swings over millions of years, from blistering heat in periods like the Eocene to intense cold during ice ages. These natural fluctuations, driven by factors such as greenhouse gases, volcanic activity, and ocean currents, provide crucial insights into the mechanisms behind climate change. By examining this history, scientists can better understand current warming trends and their potential impacts on ecosystems and human society.